In recent years, political intimidation in Uganda has become an alarming norm. From surveillance to arbitrary arrests and even enforced disappearances, local activists—especially those affiliated with opposition movements or civil society groups—are facing serious threats to their lives and freedoms.
This post explores how the Ugandan government and security forces are using fear tactics to silence local activists, weaken democratic participation, and suppress dissenting voices. We’ll examine real-life examples, expert opinions, and up-to-date statistics to understand the depth of the issue and why global attention is urgently needed.
The State of Civil Liberties in Uganda
Shrinking Civic Space Under President Museveni
Uganda has been under the rule of President Yoweri Museveni since 1986, making him one of the longest-serving leaders in Africa. While the country holds regular elections, watchdog groups such as Freedom House and Amnesty International classify Uganda as “Not Free” or “Partly Free”, citing suppression of media, political opposition, and civic organizations.
In the 2023 Freedom House Report, Uganda scored only 34 out of 100 in terms of civil liberties and political rights. The report notes:
“The authorities continue to use intimidation, arbitrary arrests, and legislation to limit the influence of civil society groups and opposition politicians.”
Common Tactics of Political Intimidation
- Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions
One of the most common forms of political intimidation in Uganda involves arbitrary arrests. Security forces, often operating without warrants, detain activists for “unlawful assembly” or “inciting violence”—vague charges often used to criminalize peaceful protests.
Example: In 2021, dozens of supporters of the opposition party National Unity Platform (NUP) were arrested during the presidential campaign. Some were released without charge, others disappeared for weeks.
Human Rights Watch reported:
“The authorities have used the criminal justice system to punish activists and discourage political opposition, with torture and beatings common during detention.”
- Surveillance and Harassment
Activists often report being followed, tapped, or threatened. According to the DefendDefenders East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Report (2022), more than 70 human rights defenders in Uganda faced some form of state surveillance or digital intrusion.
Social media monitoring has also intensified under the Computer Misuse Act, passed in 2011 and amended in 2022. It now criminalizes “offensive communication”—a law critics say is being abused to gag dissent online.
Real-Life Stories: The Human Cost of Speaking Out
The Case of Irene Nanfuna
Irene, a youth mobilizer for the NUP, fled Uganda in 2023 after multiple threats and a violent home raid that ended in the disappearance of her husband. Her case reflects the growing trend where not only activists but also their families are targeted to instill fear.
Mike Musaazi, A Local Coordinator in Mukono
Mike Musaazi, a local NUP coordinator, has been arrested multiple times and blacklisted by employers because of his political beliefs. His story is echoed across Uganda, where local councilors, student leaders, and grassroots organizers are often forced to abandon activism or flee.
The Bigger Picture: Why Activists are Being Targeted
Opposition Popularity Is Rising
The ruling regime is particularly threatened by the growing support for opposition leaders like Robert Kyagulanyi (Bobi Wine), especially among the youth. According to a 2021 Afrobarometer survey, over 60% of Ugandans aged 18–30 were in favor of political change.
Civil Society is Filling Gaps in Governance
Organizations that advocate for human rights, environmental protection, and anti-corruption are often more trusted than government bodies. Their ability to mobilize communities and highlight government shortcomings makes them targets.
What Experts Are Saying
Nicholas Opiyo, a prominent human rights lawyer and founder of Chapter Four Uganda, said in a 2023 interview:
“We are witnessing a systematic campaign to criminalize activism and isolate dissidents. The message is clear: dissent is dangerous.”
Meanwhile, the United Nations Human Rights Council has repeatedly condemned Uganda’s actions. In their 2024 report, they urged the government to “cease all forms of intimidation against civil society and ensure accountability for abuses.”
Where Is the International Community?
While the international community has issued statements, sanctions have been limited, and little pressure has been applied to force systemic change. Activists argue that without stronger global action, the cycle of intimidation and abuse will continue.
What Can Be Done?
For Ugandans
Support local civil society organizations through donations or volunteer work.
Use secure digital platforms to report violations.
Encourage community dialogue to build grassroots resistance to oppression.
For the International Community
Increase diplomatic pressure through targeted sanctions on perpetrators of abuse.
Support asylum and protection programs for endangered activists.
Fund independent media and digital safety tools.
Conclusion: Speaking Out is Risky—But Silence is Deadlier
Why are activists being targeted in Uganda? Because they speak truth to power in a system that thrives on fear. Silencing local activists weakens democracy and deprives ordinary citizens of their voice. But with collective effort and sustained visibility, their stories can inspire change.
If you found this article insightful, please share it with your network. Leave a comment below with your thoughts or personal experiences. Let’s keep the conversation going—and amplify the voices being silenced.
